In case you were wondering, it is possible to operate either of these transformer types backward (powering the secondary winding with an AC source and letting the primary winding power a load) to perform the opposite function: a step-up can function as a step-down and visa-Versa. The primary winding, which doesn’t have to conduct as much current, may be made of smaller-gauge wire. The larger-gauge wire used in the secondary winding is necessary due to the increase in current. As a step-down unit, this transformer converts high-voltage, low-current power into low-voltage, high-current power. This is a step-down transformer, as evidenced by the high turn count of the primary winding and the low turn count of the secondary. Let’s re-examine a photograph shown in the previous section:įigure 8.1 Transformer cross-section showing primary and secondary windings is a few inches tall (approximately 10 cm). At either end (both the generator and at the loads), voltage levels are reduced by transformers for safer operation and less expensive equipment.Ī transformer that increases the voltage from primary to secondary (more secondary winding turns than primary winding turns) is called a step-up transformer.Ĭonversely, a transformer designed to do just the opposite is called a step-down transformer. Indeed, the transformer has made the long-distance transmission of electric power a practical reality, as AC voltage can be “stepped up” and current “stepped down” for reduced wire resistance power losses along power lines connecting generating stations with loads. With it, we can easily multiply or divide voltage and current in AC circuits. What is Step-up and Step-down Transformers
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